This book provides a systematic examination at voting behavior across all 18 Latin American presidential democracies. The essays show that in the average country, voters divide along traditional demographic divisions like class, religion, gender, and ethnicity, are shaped by ideological and issue-based concerns, and strongly reflect citizen views of the economy, corruption, and crime. At the same time, the strength of these patterns differs across countries as parties either emphasize or deemphasize certain issues and especially as they ether focus on programmatic competition or instead focus on mobilizing voters via clientelist handouts. Thus the analysis shows that voters are trying to prospectively vote for parties that represent their interests and then to retrospectively hold parties accountable for how they govern but their ability to do so is often limited by parties’ choices to not compete on the basis of issues, limiting the quality of representation.